Which learning theory is demonstrated by a student who prefers to work alone while another enjoys group work?

The correct answer to the question is Howard Gardner, who is known for his theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner proposed that individuals have different types of intelligences and learning styles, influencing how they prefer to engage with the world and acquire knowledge. The observation that one student prefers working alone while another enjoys group work reflects the idea that individuals learn differently based on their unique intelligences and personal preferences.

In Gardner's framework, these preferences can be linked to various intelligences—some students may thrive in interpersonal learning environments that allow for collaboration (indicating a strength in interpersonal intelligence), while others may excel in solitary activities (suggesting a preference for intrapersonal intelligence). This understanding emphasizes the importance of recognizing and accommodating the diverse learning styles in educational settings.

The other theorists mentioned in the choices focus on different aspects of learning and development. Piaget concentrated on cognitive development stages, Vygotsky emphasized social interaction in learning, and Montessori advocated for a child-centered approach to education. While they each provide valuable insights, Gardner's formulation directly addresses the diverse preferences in learning environments as highlighted by the question.